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(Day 2) The Royal Conference - Seminar Theme 3
Session Seven: Dr. Mohd. Zaidi Ismail
Session Eight: Dr. Ugi Suharto
Session Nine: Dr. Islam Hasani
Seminar Theme 3 Q&A
Tadbīr as Key Element of Leadership in Islam
Dr. Mohd Zaidi Ismail
Despite a number of works on leadership in Islam in the modern era, due attention has not been given to explaining its semantic-conceptual framework which is so crucial in forming and nurturing a proper mindset in understanding it correctly as well as exemplifying it in any particular domain of application. Inspired by the intellectual framework and methodology of Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas, this paper shall try to address such an intellectual lacuna in two parts. The first part of this paper is a preliminary attempt at offering the aforesaid framework, an attempt which stems from our analysis of numerous key terms which have been employed not only in the Qur’an and the Prophetic traditions but also throughout the different epochs of the Islamic Civilisation. A distinctive feature of such a framework is a conceptual structure that shall enable us to not only differentiate between constituting elements of leadership, on the one hand, and indispensable traits of a good leader, on the other hand, but also relate those elements and traits in a significant way. The second part focuses on tadbīr—a key term that acts as a conceptual pivot for such other leadership-and-governance-related terms as ri‘āyah, siyāsah and idārah, and constitutes the centre of their semantic field.
Justice as Central Principle in Islamic Economic Thought and Practice
Dr. Ugi Suharto
The discourse on justice is first discussed in relation to the concept of justice in Islam before discussing the economic justice. Justice in Islam is related to the concept of Divine justice, psychological justice, social justice and only then economic justice. The economic justice of Islam discussed below is related to the worldview of Islam. One of the fundamental elements of the worldview of Islam is the nature of man and the psychology of human soul. The discussion on justice in Islam is also compared with that in Western civilization. In the Western civilization the human nature has been conceived as an evolving process from the state of nature with no consideration of conception of justice in it. When it then became a civil society with the concept of justice in it, there is a dualism in the concept of justice. Consequently, the discourse on justice in the Western civilization started with the social contract and the constitution of the state. There is no justice in the self and the soul of human being, as justice is always societal. In the worldview of Islam, however, the concept of justice begins with the Divine justice while the nature and the human being are His creation. Hence the economic justice in Islam such as equal opportunity and distributive justice must be related to the Divine, natural justice and justice towards the self; not only the social justice.
The Treatment of Social Categories by the Institutions of Awqaf as per the Vakefnames Endowed by Albanian Population
Dr. Islam Hasani
Relying on the principles of the Islamic religion that alms, sadaqah and waqf have permanent reward and that value (reward) does not stop even after the death of the person donating it. In the tradition of Albanians as part of the Ottomans, many institutions were established as an expression of charity and the income generated by these institutions is also regularly spent on charity projects. In addition to the creation of public religious, educational and charitable institutions: mosques, madrasas, schools, tekkes, as well as numerous social-humanitarian institutions such as, imarets (humanitarian kitchen), guest houses, fountains, taps, etc. have been created on the basis of waqf, and even funds were provided and allocated for the care of sensitive social categories. All this is evidenced through vakifnames or documents for the legalization of awqaf, which, as is known, represent a first-hand source for studying the history of religious, educational, cultural, social institutions in Kosovo and Albanian lands. The main focus of this research, will be analyzing the vakifnames published in Albanian language related to the treatment of the sensitive social categories and the way to be taking care of them.